- Prior to 1800s
- Combat stress in literature
- Herodotus
- Shakespeare
- Ghost stories
- Similar in Korean literature
- Difference: less glorification or accounts of War
- Great East Asian War 1592–1598
- Ghost stories and commemoration
- “Dream journals” of war dead (ghost stories)
- Breakdown of order
- Failure to commemorate dead
- Female ghost
- Death or suicide to preserve chastity
- Seen as failures in patriarchy
- Expression of trauma
- Reconciliation with Confucian ideals and patriarchy
- 1800s
- “Battle exhaustion”
- “Soldier’s fatigue”
- Connection with suicide
- “Railway spine”
- Trauma and “hysterical attacks”
- Sigmund Freud and the “talking cure” (late 19th, early 20th century)
- 1900s
- WWI “shell shock” recognized
- Psychoanalysis
- Unproven drastic treatments
- Electroshock therapy
- 1950s
- More humane treatments, psychotherapy
- Group therapy
- Medications
- Stigmatization → many did not admit
- 1970s
- Vietnam War and social movements
- Holocaust survivors
- Domestic abuse survivors
- Before 1980s, definitions limited to
- Military combat
- Rape
- Severe assault
- Natural or manmade disasters
- Now, any form of trauma could trigger PTSD, hence social media “trigger warnings”
- Definition
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- External threat
- How accustomed one is to violence
- Individual dependent
- Culturally dependent
- Connection between recollection and past events
- Reliving experience, unable to escape
- Cannot recall event, repression